Occupational Therapy Efficacy After Stroke Health And Social Care Essay

This meta investigation of the referenced surveies mean to quantify effectuality of word related treatment: regardless of whether it concentrated explicitly on close to home exercises of everyday populating improves recuperation for patients following shot and to cognize does.Occupational treatment expects to help individuals make their maximal level of guide and independency in all aspects of everyday life. Checking on 07 surveies with 1178 members, individuals who had a shot were increasingly autonomous in close to home exercises of everyday life like taking care of, dressing, washing, toileting and voyaging around and bound to keep these capacities on the off chance that they got intercession from a word related healer after shot. Dynamic ( around 200-250 words ) Points A precise reappraisal of surveies demonstrating the effectivity of word related treatment in station shot patient, concentrated explicitly on close to home exercises of everyday populating improves recuperation for patients following shot. Figures beginnings We looked EBSCOMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library ( 2000-2010 ) . AMED: Decision measures Selection guidelines included surveies that utilized randomized controlled trial of a word related treatment mediation contrasted with regular consideration or no consideration, where shot patients rehearsed individual exercises of everyday life, or open introduction in exercises of everyday life was the point of convergence of the word related treatment intervention. Audit strategies A meta-examination, using an irregular impacts hypothetical record, of 24 projects recognized in 19 tests. Impact sizes were balanced by turn around inconsistency loads to order for surveies ‘ test sizes.Findings.Main ConsequenceWe distinguished 64 possibly qualified tests and included nine surveies ( 1258 members ) . Word related treatment mediations diminished the chances of a hapless outcome ( Peto chances proportion 0.67 ( 95 % affirmation span ( CI ) 0.51 to 0.87 ; P = 0.003 ) . also, expanded individual action of everyday life tonss ( normalized mean distinction 0.18 ( 95 % CI 0.04 to 0.32 ; P = 0.01 ) . For each 11 ( 95 % CI 7 to 30 ) patients having a word related treatment mediation to ease individual exercises of everyday life, one patient was saved a hapless result.DecisionsPatients who get word related treatment interventions are less inclined to decay and are bound to be autonomous in their capacity to execute individual exercises of everyday life. Nonetheless, the specific idea of the word related treatment mediation to achieve maximal advantage requests to be defined..Chapter 1: Introduction:The in general reason for this meta investigation was to quantify the effectivity of OT in station shot patient. Broad writing chase was finished by turn uping distributed shot restoration heading mediation surveies that deliberate individual exercises of everyday populating results among stroke tolerant. Figures were removed from overview examines which included mediations intended to all the more likely station shot exercises of patient. From WHO ‘s investigation of planetary heap of shot it was discovered that Worldwide 15 1000000s individuals endure a shot yearly. 5milloin of these dices and another 5 million are left for acceptable handicapped, doing stack on family unit and network. High blood power per unit zone and baccy use are considered as a significant danger factor for shot ( WHO, 2010 ) . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) characterizes Stroke as â€Å" a clinical disorder of continued vascular start, exemplified by rapidly creating signs of central or planetary bother of scholarly guide suffering all the more so 24 hours or taking to expire † ( WHO, 1978 ) . The reasons for shot can be named: IschaemicA cause: blood flexibly to encephalon halted because of arrangement of blood coagulum. It causes 70 % everything being equal. Haemorrhagic: An encephalon hurt caused due to spliting of blood vas which gracefully blood to encephalon There is other than a related status known as aA transient ischemic attackA ( TIA ) , which influence 35 individuals for every 100,000 of populace every twelvemonth and is related with a truly elevated peril of shot in the main month of occasion upto one twelvemonth ( Coull, et al. , 2004 ) . In transeunt ischaemic attack the blood flexibly to the encephalon is incidentally hindered because of lacking scholarly or optic blood gracefully which is because of low blood stream, apoplexy or intercalation. Side effects keep going for under 24hours doing a sort of ‘mini-stroke ‘ ( Hankey and Warlow, 1994 ) . The peril of perish because of stroke relies upon its sort like TIA has the best outcome though deterrent of an arteria is progressively risky, with crack of blood vass. It has discovered that regardless of whether state is holding progress designing and establishments 60 % individuals kick the bucket or become subordinate doing significant expense of mediation ( WHO, 2010 ) . Those of Afro-Caribbean starting are at expanded danger of holding a shot, and the figure of individuals influenced by the status is higher among this social gathering than some other. This is on the grounds that individuals of Afro-Caribbean starting have a familial affectability ( a characteristic tendency ) to creating diabetes and chest ailment, which are two conditions that can do shots. Ischaemic shots happen when blood coagulums obstruct the progression of blood to the encephalon. Blood coagulums normally structure in nations where the arterias have been limited or hindered by greasy cholesterol-containing sedimentations known as plaques. This narrowing of the arterias is known asA coronary supply route illness. As the age progresss, our arterias become smaller, yet certain danger components can unsafely accelerate the strategy. Danger factors include: smoke, high blood power per unit territory ( hypertension ) , beefiness, high cholesterin degrees ( every now and again brought about by a high-fat eating routine ) , and a family unit history of chest sickness or diabetes. Diabetess is other than a peril factor, unconventionally in the event that it is not well controlled, on the grounds that the additional glucose in the blood can harm the arterias. Haemorrhagic shots happen when a blood vas in the encephalon blasts. The main source of this is high blood power per unit zone ( hypertension ) , which can debilitate the arterias in the encephalon and do them inclined to separation or tear. The danger factors for high blood power per unit region include: being overweight, guzzling exorbitant aggregates of intoxicant, smoke, a lack of working out, and accentuation, which may do a fleeting ascent in blood power per unit zone. An individual ‘s social gathering can other than be a danger factor for high blood power per unit zone. One-portion surprisingly of dark African or Caribbean starting who are more than 40 mature ages old enough are probably going to hold high blood power per unit region. Research has recommended this is on the grounds that individuals of African start have an expanded affectability with the impacts of salt, which can do their blood power per unit region to lift. A hemorrhagic shot can other than once in a while happen as an outcome of an awful caput hurt ( NHS Choices, 2008 ) . Each twelvemonth, an expected 150,000 individuals in the UK have a shot. That is one individual each five proceedingss ( Office of National Statistics, 2001 ) .The encephalon hurt brought about by shots organizations that they are the biggest reason for adult disablement in the UK. People groups who are more than 65 mature ages old enough are most at peril from holding shots, albeit 25 % of shots happen in individuals who are under 65 mature ages old enough. It is other than workable for children to hold shots ( NHS Choices, 2008 ) . Around 1000 individuals under 30 have a shot every twelvemonth. Stroke can result in a wide range of disablements runing from engine control and urinary incontinency to discouragement and memory misfortune. Disablement has been conceptualized by the universe wellbeing association in footings organ disfunction ( harms ) , disablement ( issue with undertaking ) , and handicap ( cultural hindrance ) ( Post shot restoration, 1995 ) . The examination of cost of unwellness of shot by Saka et Al ( 2009 ) has discovered that shot has more prominent effect on financial arrangement of UK, as mediation of and profitability misfortune beginning because of stroke cost ?8.9 billion a twelvemonth. In which intercession cost is around 5 % of whole UK NHS costs. Direct consideration including diagnosing, prisoner consideration and outpatient consideration narratives for around 50 % of the whole, casual consideration costs 27 % and the circuitous costs that is cost resulting from untimely expire because of stroke is 24 % . This overview reasoned that constant phase of shot is most beyond all doubt won and thus proposed better misgiving of since quite a while ago run consideration in footings of its effectivity and cost-viability is essential. Because of stroke one side of the natural structure might be incapacitated or the musculuss on the influenced side may debilitate. After shot intercession is contain consideration and restoration ( Post shot recovery, 1995 ) . During the time of intense detainee consideration, patient will have restoration and consideration contribution from a collection of qualified and inadequate nursing and united health staff. It is subsequently of import that all staff ought to be acquainted with the impacts of shot, and ready to practically pull off employments partner to stroke reasonably inside their capacities. The impacts of shot are complex ; each piece great as the more seeable physical employments ; stroke subsisters will most likely hold a figure of passionate, subjective, and conveying occupations ( Ross et al, 2009 ) Research shows that patients profit by mediation in stroke units in the ague and recovery stages ( Indredavik, 2008 ) . Restoration is the strategy of show signs of improvement ofing or larning to get by with the damage the shot has caused. It is tied in with procuring back to ordinary life and achieving the best level of independency by: relearning achievements and capacities ; larning new achievements ; obliging to a portion of the limitations brought about by a shot ; and happening cultural, passionate and down to earth support at place and in th

Free Essays on Heuristic Problem Solving

Heuristic critical thinking †are sound judgment rules drawn as a matter of fact, used to take care of issues. Or on the other hand essentially put the heuristic strategy for critical thinking is a general guideline. On the other hand, calculations are direct strategies that are ensured to work inevitably. Heuristic programming portrays programs that are self-learning; they are a piece of computerized reasoning, they show signs of improvement with experience. Heuristic projects don't generally arrive at the absolute best outcome yet typically produce great outcomes inside a sensible measure of search time. As talked about in the April 1998 Phi Delta Kappa article titled â€Å"What is issue solving†, general heuristics are â€Å"cognitive dependable guidelines that are helpful in understanding an extraordinary assortment of problems†. Explicit heuristics are utilized in particular regions, frequently explicit subject areas or callings. There are three basic techniques in heuristic critical thinking. To start with, the most remarkable general heuristic is to shape a sub-objective to lessen the disparity between your current state and your definitive objective state. Plan something for get somewhat nearer to the ultimate objective. Issues oppose one-shot arrangements; they should be separated into littler parts. A second heuristic strategy looks to take care of issues by working in reverse. First, think about your definitive objective. From that point, choose what might comprise a sensible advance only before arriving at that objective. At that point ask yourself, what might be the progression only before that? Starting with the end, you construct a vital extension in reverse and in the long run arrive at the underlying states of the issue. The third heuristic strategy looks to take care of issues through progressive estimate. Initial attempts at taking care of an issue may bring about an item that is not exactly fulfilling. Composing is a genuine model. Barely any cultivated journalists endeavor to compose immaculate writing the first run through. Or maybe, the underlying objective is an unfinished version or a layout or a rundown of thoughts. After some time, an original copy is ... Free Essays on Heuristic Problem Solving Free Essays on Heuristic Problem Solving Heuristic critical thinking †are presence of mind rules drawn for a fact, used to take care of issues. Or then again essentially put the heuristic strategy for critical thinking is a dependable guideline. Paradoxically, calculations are clear techniques that are ensured to work inevitably. Heuristic programming portrays programs that are self-learning; they are a piece of man-made brainpower, they improve with understanding. Heuristic projects don't generally arrive at the absolute best outcome yet as a rule produce great outcomes inside a sensible measure of search time. As examined in the April 1998 Phi Delta Kappa article titled â€Å"What is issue solving†, general heuristics are â€Å"cognitive dependable guidelines that are valuable in explaining an incredible assortment of problems†. Explicit heuristics are utilized in particular zones, frequently explicit subject areas or callings. There are three basic techniques in heuristic critical thinking. To begin with, the most remarkable general heuristic is to frame a sub-objective to lessen the inconsistency between your current state and your definitive objective state. Plan something for get somewhat nearer to the ultimate objective. Issues challenge one-shot arrangements; they should be separated into littler parts. A second heuristic strategy tries to tackle issues by working in reverse. First, think about your definitive objective. From that point, choose what might comprise a sensible advance only preceding arriving at that objective. At that point ask yourself, what might be the progression only preceding that? Starting with the end, you manufacture a key extension in reverse and in the end arrive at the underlying states of the issue. The third heuristic strategy looks to tackle issues through progressive estimation. Initial attempts at taking care of an issue may bring about an item that is not exactly fulfilling. Composing is a genuine model. Scarcely any cultivated authors endeavor to compose flawless exposition the first run through. Or maybe, the underlying objective is an unfinished version or a blueprint or a rundown of thoughts. After some time, a composition is ...

9 Tips for Creating a Successful Birthday

9 Tips for Creating a Successful Birthday Saturday was my 46th birthday and I have been reflecting on what makes a successful birthday. We all have birthdays, and, sadly I think, sometimes we ignore them. I hope these tips inspire you to pay attention to your special day and milk it for all it’s worth! Do have a party. And make it easy on yourself. It’s so easy to get lazy and not throw a birthday party. But birthdays are a once-a-year opportunity to have a party that’s exactly the way you want it! If you don’t like asking people to celebrate you, that’s a perfect reason to bite the bullet and start inviting!In the past I have hosted people at my apartment for my birthday, but there’s so much work preparing and (ugh) cleaning up. I now prefer to invite my friends to lunch or dinner at a restaurant. I keep the guest list to 9 so we can all see, hear and interact with each other. We order what we want and the food magically appears! And someone else does the cleanup. Make the conversations special. I always like to spend some time at my party with attention on things that matter to me. A birthday gathering, or any conversation on my birthday, is an opportunity to reflect on the past year and vision for the year ahead. Some years, I’ve asked each of my guests to appreciate me for something and I have appreciated them for what I see as their gifts and strengths. Other years, I ask them to come up with questions like, “What was your favorite movie this year?” “What’s the scariest thing that happened to you this year?” and “What was your most romantic moment this year?” and I answer them. This year, the focus was on the future. I shared my vision for my business, my relationships and myself. I shared some of my struggles too, connecting on a deeper level than typical party conversation. For me, that made for a successful birthday party. Stay late at your party. Don’t leave your own party until the last guest has left. Two years ago, we closed down the Daisy Cupcakery and were awarded with free cupcakes! This year, one guest arrived as some others were already leaving. You never know what will happen at the 11th hour. Give gifts. Many party invitations come with the quip, “Your presence is your present.” I agree. I do not expect gifts for my birthday. But I love to GIVE them! Last year I gave strawberries to the server at the restaurant where I held my party. This year I offered lettuce from my garden to all my guests. I felt joy that I could give something to the people I care about! Often, giving gifts is much more gratifying than receiving them. Use your gift wish list. Sometimes people want to give you a gift, and I like to keep a list of things I want just for that purpose. You can use your Amazon Wish List or keep a file in Evernote or on your computer. When someone asks, you’ll have suggestions at the ready! (This tip came in handy when my mom asked me what I wanted for my birthday.) Answer the phone. This might be obvious, but the phone will be ringing for YOU! Answer it, even if you can only talk for a couple of minutes, and soak in the happy birthday wishes and songs. Connect with the people you love! Engage on Facebook and LinkedIn. Set your Facebook settings so people can post on your timeline, and “Like” all the birthday greetings you receive! Say “Thank you” to as many people as you can. You might start up a welcome conversation with a long-lost friend! On LinkedIn, thank everyone who wishes you a happy birthday. Some of them might become clients or even employers! Celebrate for the whole month! This tip came from my friend and fellow resume writer Kristin Johnson. Chances are that all your friends and family will not be able to show up for your official birthday party, so create multiple opportunities to connect and celebrate! Why make your birthday about just one day? In Kristin’s family, she gets a month, her partner gets a month, and each of her kids gets a dedicated month! Be proud. Whatever your age, be proud of having reached this point in your life! Count your blessings and your accomplishments, however big or small. If you’re not satisfied with something, now is a great time to create a plan to change it! I am happy to say I did all nine of these things for my birthday this year, and I feel very satisfied with the experience! What are your tips for making your birthday a success? I’d love to hear about your special rituals and family traditions!

Analysis Of Night By Elie Wiesel Essay - 1872 Words

The ground is frozen, parents sob over their children, stomachs growl, stiff bodies huddle together to stay slightly warm. This was a recurrent scene during World War II. Night is a literary memoir of Elie Wiesel’s tenure in the Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel created a character reminiscent of himself with Eliezer. Eliezer experienced cruelty, stress, fear, and inhumanity at a very young age, fifteen. Through this, he struggled to maintain his Jewish faith, survive with his father, and endure the hardships placed on his body and mind. At the beginning of the book, Eliezer was in the higher levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This hierarchy starts at the bottom with physiological needs, and progresses†¦show more content†¦The first month of camp life took a heavy toll on Eliezer. â€Å"Some talked of God, of his mysterious way, of the sins of the Jewish people and of their future deliverance. But I had ceased to pray†¦I did not deny God’s existence, but I doubted His absolute justice.† He changed from extreme piousness to denial. This was only the beginning of his change in faith. After the Nazis sentenced a young pipel, or child, to hang on the gallows, Eliezer was not the only one to question God. â€Å"Where is God? Where is He?† they asked. When the child was hanged, he swung for a half an hour, blue in the face, slowly dying in front of a thousand spectators. â€Å"’Where is God now?’ †¦ I heard a voice within me answer, ‘Where is He? He is—He is hanging here on the gallows.† Eliezer was appalled at the cruelty of the Nazi forces; this event probably stripped him of the most innocence. In a â€Å"celebration† of the Jewish New Year, Elie angrily thinks, What are you, my God, compared to this afflicted crown, proclaiming to you their faith, their anger, and their revolt? What does your greatness mean, Lord of the Universe, in the face of all this weakness, this decomposition and this decay? Why do you still trouble their sick minds, their crippled bodies? †¦Why should I bless Him? In every fiber, I rebelled. Because He had had thousands of children burned in His pits. Praised be Thy Holy Name, Thou who has chosen us to be butchered on Thine altar. He was frustratedShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Night By Elie Wiesel1089 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Night Black Three Sabrena Hall November 17, 2015 â€Å"To surpass monsters, you must be willing to abandon your humanity.† -Hajime Isayama, Shingeki no Kyojin Night by Elie â€Å"Eliezer† Wiesel is a story that contains many conclusions about humanity as a whole, including the idea that if humans are treated as if they aren t human, and are deprived from proper human interaction, then they are quick to act uncivilized, almost feral. 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Elie goes into great detail about the events that took place in the concentration camp. He describes the way they were treated and their struggle to survive. He explains his story with good attribute to the Germans. The memoire is so effective because these eventsRead MoreAnalysis Of Night By Elie Wiesel1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the memoir Night, written by Elie Weisel, you take a journey through the 1940s, and learn what it was like to live during the Holocaust. Night records the life of Elie Wiesel during his teen years, and the oppression he and his family went through because of their Jewish descent. The Holocaust was a horrifying genocide where Adolf Hitler and the Nazis strived to wipe out the Jewish race, as well as Poles, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Homosexuals, Gypsies, etc. Jews were taken from their homesRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis764 Words   |  4 PagesYes, I did see this, with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames.† (Wiesel 32). The previous sentence is a quote from Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night. Wiesel’s memoir is a first person account of a survivor of the Holocaust that occurred between 1933-1945. Over six million Jews were placed in concentration camps and murdered during this time period. Less than one percent of the Jews in the holocaust survived, but Elie Wiesel was one of the very few survivors. He lived on to tell his story of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Night In Night By Elie Wiesel1183 Words   |  5 PagesIn Night, Elie Wiesel shines light upon that when times are rough, it is easy to be selfish. This was cle arly captured when young fourteen-year-old Elie Wiesel was watching as the Nazi’s take away his valuables, friends, faith, and family. As if every piece of him was broken glass, he had to pick himself up along the way. It all started in 1944, in the suburb of Sighet, Romania. It was a marvelously bright day, a beautiful day. 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Senior Collegiate Athletic Association Sport Scandals

On average, there are about 60 major NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) sport scandals per decade. NCAA sport scandals are very common in any college sport. There is always some sort of scandal going on and many schools have been part of one at some time. There are various ways for a scandal to happen, from recruiting violations to academic frauds to bribery. There are various penalties issued by the NCAA, but one penalty, known as the â€Å"death penalty† is the worst punishment a program could possibly receive. It is a penalty that can ban a team for multiple seasons, ban them from postseason play, or even ban them from the sport for life. Therefore, NCAA teams that receive the â€Å"death penalty† as their punishment are typically†¦show more content†¦The University of Kentucky (UK) was the first college program to be given the â€Å"death penalty.† Kentucky had many violations. One thing that happened was they were guilty of recruiting v iolations. The coach was also caught giving players financial aid by paying recruits to get them to commit to Kentucky. He was giving them spending money to let them buy stuff that they couldn t afford. Another violation the school committed was academic fraud. They were allowing players to play that were academically unqualified. They were doing these things unfairly to get players to play for their basketball program. A big reason why Kentucky got the â€Å"death penalty† is because of two players: Alex Groza, and Ralph Beard. These two players took bribes from gamblers to shave points off of the 1952 championship game. What this means is that gamblers paid them to make the games close, so they could win bets they had placed. After getting caught doing this, the Kentucky Basketball program were given what became known as the â€Å"death penalty.† This hurt the program and players involved majorly. For the 1952-53 season Kentucky had no basketball team. They and ever y other UK sports team was also banned from postseason play in 1954. Groza and Beard got

The Public Needs to Know Free Essays

The Acquisition Process Competition Requirements Choconda Martin BUS 319 November 5, 2012 Professor Calvin D. Fogle Almost all DOD systems are competed at some stage in the acquisition system (we would guess that less than 10% of acquisition programs do not go through a competitive process at least once in their acquisition cycle). Generally, the sequence is: †¢ Define the requirement (determine the mismatch between operational capability–more about this below); †¢ Advertise the need for a product that can satisfy the requirement; †¢ Accept bids from potential suppliers; †¢ Review proposals and select one or more suppliers, Order the product; †¢ Monitor progress; †¢ Accept the finished product; †¢ Review project documentation and pay for the product. We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Needs to Know or any similar topic only for you Order Now This cycle repeats itself one or more times during system development and one or more times during procurement (purchase of a major end item previously developed or available commercially). For large systems, procurement follows a highly demanding DOD-funded development process and the prime manufacturer, almost by necessity, is the developer. In such cases, the competitive steps for a given phase of the acquisition process (listed above) would not be repeated during the procurement phase. Some things that I would change would be the misconception of communication within the industry during acquisition processing. The Federal Government has an obligation to conduct procurements in the most effective, responsible and efficient manner possible. Current market information is very vital as they define the requirements, so that the contracting officers can develop the acquisition strategies, seek opportunities for small businesses, and negotiate contract terms. Industry partners are the best source for this information, so productive interactions is very important and should be encouraged. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) authorizes a broad range opportunites for vendor communication, but agencies most time do not take advantage of these existing flexibilities. Some agencies may be reluctant due to fear of protests or fear binding the agency in unauthorized commitments. If we increase the awareness by training the agencies with the help of DAU (Defense Acquisition University) and agency training practitioners to conduct an awareness campaign we might be able to eliminate unnecessary barriers to engagement. Agencies should provide clear, consistent direction to their workforce and industry partners about how to engage with industry prior to award of contracts and task and delivery orders under the Federal Supply Schedule, government-wide acquisition contracts, and other indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts. While agencies do not have the resources, and are not required, to meet with every vendor at every step of the acquisition process, information gathered from industry sources plays an invaluable role in the acquisition process. For this reason, agencies must develop practices that will ensure early, frequent, and constructive communication during key phases of the process. The federal government’s ability to achieve successful program outcomes, effectively and efficiently, depends upon agencies establishing effective strategies for industry engagement and supporting those strategies with senior-level commitment. References Co-Workers/Supervisor/FAR How to cite The Public Needs to Know, Papers The Public Needs to Know Free Essays Running Header: The Public The Public Needs To Know Tristanjay V. Llantada Dr. Yatia Yasmeen ENG115 NOV 19, 2012 The Public Needs to Know All across America, our youth faces an obesity crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Needs to Know or any similar topic only for you Order Now But how exactly do we stop this obesity epidemic? It is a fact to anyone that children today are consuming so many snacks and beverages and eating too little nutritious foods. â€Å"Currently only 1%-2% of US children meet the recommended Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the national nutrition standards for dietary intake necessary for optimal health† (Crawford, 2011). Children’s intake in nutritional foods doesn’t even come close to the current recommendations. An important way we can provide for our children is give them access to healthier foods. â€Å"The proposed Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 will do that by making significant improvement to our federally funded school meat program† (Crawford, 2011). This act will have changes to the National School Lunch Program and the National School Breakfast program in which school meals will have the dietary recommendation that is stated in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. If these standards are proposed, school meals will have more servings of nutritional foods. Examples would be fruit, vegetables, whole grain and nonfat milk. Foods that have more fat, sugar and sodium will have a decrease in servings. Current and Proposed School Meal Requirements: Breakfast | | Current Requirement| Proposed Requirement| Fruit| 1/2 cup per day| 1 cup per day| Grains and Meat/Meat Alternate| 2 grains or 2 meat/meat alternates or 1 of each per day| 1. 4-2 grains per day plus: 1-2 meat/meat alternates per day (Range reflects difference by grade group)| Whole Grains| Encouraged| At least half of the grains to be rich in whole grain| Milk| 1 cup| 1 cup, fat content of milk to be 1% or less| Current and Proposed School Meal Requirements: Lunch | | Current Requirement| Proposed Requirement| Fruits and Vegetables| 1/2-1 cup of fruit and vegetables combined per day| 3/4-1 cup of vegetables plus 1/2-1 cup of fruit per day| Vegetables| No specification as to type of vegetables| Weekly requirement for dark green and orange vegetables and legumes and limits on starchy vegetables| Meat/Meat Alternate| 1. 5-3 oz equivalents (daily average over 5-day week)| 1. -2. 4 oz equivalents (daily average over 5-day week)| Grains| 1. 8-3 oz equivalents (daily average over 5-day week)| 1. 8-2. 6 oz equivalents (daily average over 5-day week)| Whole Grains| Encouraged| At least half of the grains to be rich in whole grain| Milk| 1 cup| 1 cup, fat content of milk to be 1% or less| From Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service. Federal Register. Nutrition Standards in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. 2011 Jan 13; 76(9):2499. You might say, â€Å"Why are schools taking action, but it’s up to the parents to decide what their children eat? Yes, parents are responsible for their children but schools also take care of children the most part of their lives. â€Å"Children receive up to half of their calories at school in the form of school lunches, breakfasts, and snacks† (Crawford, 2011). To help with the cause, Virginia farms have combined into this program. â€Å"The Virginia Farm to School program is an effort to increase the amount of fresh and nutritious Virginia Grown products offered in schools and to promote opportunities for schools and local farms to work together† (Virginia Department of Agricultural and Consumer Services, 2012). Integrating locally grown products into school meals will also support local economies, minimize transportation costs and help preserve farm and farm land. This program is a great way to teach our children on how to eat healthy throughout their school life and beyond. The recommended changes in the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act will improve the â€Å"nutritional content of more than 41 million meals served per day to our nation’s children† (Crawford, 2011). We as adults are our children’s protectors, and must support these new meal standards that will provide healthier food choices for our children. By taking in these standards, we will prevent obesity and reduce future health cost. I would say it is the right thing to do for our children. Reference Crawford, P. , (2011). New Standards for the National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: It’s the Right Thing to Do, Retrieved from http://www. medscape. org/viewarticle/740432 Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, (2012) Marketing and Development Retrieved from http://www. vdacs. virginia. gov/marketing/farm-news. shtml How to cite The Public Needs to Know, Essay examples

The Social Model of Mental Illness Essay Example For Students

The Social Model of Mental Illness Essay The Social Model of Mental Illness Essay emphasizes the social environment and the roles people play. Thomas Scheff maintains that people diagnosed as mentally ill are victims of the status quo, guilty of often unnamed violations of social norms; thus the label mental illness can be used as an instrument of social control. I agree with Scheffs analysis, and I strongly concur with the view Thomas Szasz takes on the notion of mental illness. Szasz argues that much of what we call mental illness is a myth; it is not an illness, but simply problems in living, troubles caused by conflicting personal needs, opinions, social aspirations, values, and so forth (Szasz 13). It thus follows that the widely accepted medical model of mental illness is inherently flawed; that mental illness should, then, certainly not be treated much like physical illness. We will write a custom essay on The Social Model of Mental Illness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Szasz is extremely critical of contemporary psychiatry as a discipline, arguing that psychiatrists are not benign professionals helping to liberate individuals and improve their lives by diagnosing and treating mental illnesses, but instead act as agents of social control; silencing, stigmatizing and dehumanizing people who disturb the prevailing social order. Every society rewards conformity; those with more serious problems in living often do a very poor job of conforming, and are punished accordingly. In Ideology and Insanity: Essays on the Psychiatric Dehumanization of Man, Thomas Szasz writes that on the one hand, by seeking relief from the burden of his moral responsibilities, man mystifies and technicizes his problems in livingon the other hand, the demand for help thus generated is now met by a behavioral technology ready and willing to free man of his moral burdens by treating him as a sick patient. This human need and the professional-technical response to it form a self-sustaining cycle, resembling what the nuclear physicist calls a breeder reaction; once initiated and having reached a critical stage, the process feeds on itself, transforming more and more human problems and situations into specialized technical problems to be solved by so-called mental health professionals (Szasz 3). Szasz, noting that psychiatry has laid claims to progressively larger areas of personal conduct and social relations, goes on to say that the conquest of human existence, or of the life process, by the mental health professionals started with the identification and classification of so-called mental illnesses, and has culminated in our day with the claim that all of life is a psychiatric problem for behavioral science to solve (Szasz 3, italics mine). In his view, today, particularly in the affluent West, all of the difficulties and problems in living are considered psychiatric diseases, and everyone (but the diagnosticians) is considered mentally ill (Szasz 4). However, there is very little evidence supporting the popular view that for the most part mental illnesses are mental diseases; that is, of a legitimate biological, physiological, neurological or chromosomal nature. Instead, as Szasz writes, what people now call mental illnesses are, for the most part, communications expressi ng unacceptable ideas, often framed in an unusual idiom (Szasz 19). Szasz summarizes the essence of the problem in this way: in contemporary social usage, the finding of mental illness is made by establishing a deviance in behavior from certain psychosocial, ethical or legal norms. The judgment is made, as in medicine, by the patient, the psychiatrist or others. Remedial action is then sought in a therapeutic-or covertly medical-framework, creating a situation in which it is claimed that psychosocial, ethical, and legal deviations can be corrected by medical action. But medical interventions are designed to remedy only medical problems, and thus it is logically absurd, Szasz says, to expect that they will help solve problems whose very existence have been defined and established on non-medical grounds (Szasz 17). The expression mental illness is a metaphor that we have come to mistake as a fact, and it is for the most part not a useful social metaphor. Szasz claims that the idea of mental illness functions to obscure certain difficulties that are presently inherent (not that they cant be modified, he says) in the social intercourse of humans; the idea of illness is in fact a disguise, a mask. According to Szasz, instead of calling attention to .

1984 Essay Essay Example

1984 Essay Essay Example 1984 Essay Essay 1984 Essay Essay Essay Topic: 1984 1984 Essay In the book 1984 by George Orwell, many different ideas about the government and its power are discussed by the main character Winston. At one point in the book Winston says â€Å"It is impossible to found a civilization on fear and hatred and cruelty. It would never endure. † in reference to the state of the government at that point in time. However, this can be proven false by the actions of the government, the people’s response, and the determination the government uses to ensure their ultimate power and control. The government in 1984 is very powerful and does not shy away from exerting its unrelenting force upon its people. The government craves complete and total control and does whatever it takes to get its people to cooperate and behave. The government goes as far to invent a fictional war to influence people to feel sympathy for the government and make them feel more willing to help. They even go as far as launching missiles at their own people to instill fear into the hearts of the citizens. The government also has an organization called the thought police that do their best to control people’s thoughts and try to keep people from thinking negative things about the government or prevent them from starting some sort of revolution. The actions that they take are built off cruelty and causing fear, which in turn keep the governments people in line. When the government is going to such extreme lengths to fake a war and tell lies to control its people, people will be sure to react. However, not many people know of the true nature of the government because they grew up hearing these lies since the beginning, and if people do start to question the government’s actions then they are killed and or tortured. The people react exactly how the government wants them to, because if they step out of line, then they are sure to be killed. The government has that much control and the people in charge have such a need for power that they keep taking more and more. The government and people inside the government are shown to have a large amount of determination, especially when they begin torturing Winston. Winston proves to be very strong willed and doesn’t break easily. However the government stays diligent and doesn’t give up and they eventually break Winston. The government breaks Winston by enforcing cruel punishment and sparking fear in him, and if they could break Winston this way, then they could break anyone. The government uses fear to build their government, in fact, the only basis that their government is really built on is fear. Fear controls people. The government’s determination, peoples response to their actions, and their actions themselves prove that a civilization could be founded on the basis of â€Å"fear, hatred and cruelty†.

Biography of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Unifier of Japan

Biography of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Unifier of Japan Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1539–September 18, 1598) was the leader of Japan who reunified the country after 120 years of political fragmentation. During his rule, known as the Momoyama or Peach Mountain age, the country was united as a more-or-less peaceful federation of 200 independent daimyo (great lords), with himself as an imperial regent. Fast Facts: Toyotomi Hideyoshi Known For: Ruler of Japan, reunified the countryBorn: 1536 in Nakamura, Owari Province, JapanParents: Farmer and part-time soldier Yaemon and his wifeDied: September 18, 1598 at Fushimi castle, KyotoEducation: Trained as a military aide to Matsushita Yukitsana (1551–1558), then with Oda Nobunaga (1558–1582)Published Works: The Tensho-ki, a biography he commissionedSpouse(s): Chacha (principal concubine and mother of his children)Children: Tsurumatsu (1580–1591), Toyotomi Hideyori (1593–1615) Early Life Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born in 1536, in Nakamura, Owari Province, Japan.  He was the second child of Yaemon, a peasant farmer and part-time soldier for the Oda clan, who died in 1543  when the boy was 7 years old and his sister was about 10. Hideyoshi’s mother soon remarried. Her new husband also served Oda Nobuhide, the daimyo of the Owari region, and she had another son and daughter. Hideyoshi was small for his age and skinny. His parents sent him to a temple to get an education, but the boy ran away seeking adventure. In 1551, he joined the service of Matsushita Yukitsuna, a retainer of the powerful Imagawa family in Totomi province. This was unusual because both Hideyoshi’s father and his stepfather had served the Oda clan. Joining Oda Hideyoshi returned home in 1558 and offered his service to Oda Nobunaga, son of the daimyo. At the time, the Imagawa clans army of 40,000 was invading Owari, Hideyoshi’s home province. Hideyoshi took a huge gamble- the Oda army numbered only about 2,000.  In 1560, the Imagawa and Oda armies met in battle at Okehazama.  Oda Nobunaga’s tiny force ambushed the Imagawa troops in a driving rainstorm and scored an incredible victory, driving the invaders away. Legend says that 24-year-old Hideyoshi served in this battle as Nobunaga’s sandal-bearer. However, Hideyoshi does not appear in Nobunaga’s surviving writings until the early 1570s. Promotion Six years later, Hideyoshi led a raid that captured Inabayama Castle for the Oda clan. Oda Nobunaga rewarded him by making him a general. In 1570, Nobunaga attacked his brother-in-law’s castle, Odani. Hideyoshi led the first three detachments of one thousand samurai each against the well-fortified castle. Nobunaga’s army used the devastating new technology of firearms, rather than horse-mounted swordsmen. Muskets are not much use against castle walls, however, so Hideyoshi’s section of the Oda army settled in for a siege. By 1573, Nobunagas troops had defeated all of its enemies in the area. For his part, Hideyoshi received the daimyo-ship of three regions within Omi Province. By 1580, Oda Nobunaga had consolidated power in over 31 of Japans 66 provinces. Upheaval In 1582, Nobunagas general Akechi Mitsuhide turned his army against his lord, attacking and overrunning Nobunagas castle. Nobunagas diplomatic machinations had caused the hostage-murder of Mitsuhides mother.  Mitsuhide forced Oda Nobunaga and his eldest son to commit seppuku. Hideyoshi captured one of Mitsuhides messengers and learned of Nobunagas death the next day. He and other Oda generals, including Tokugawa Ieyasu, raced to avenge their lords death. Hideyoshi caught up with Mitsuhide first, defeating and killing him at the Battle of Yamazaki just 13 days after Nobunagas death. A succession fight erupted in the Oda clan. Hideyoshi supported Nobunagas grandson Oda Hidenobu. Tokugawa Ieyasu preferred the oldest remaining son Oda Nobukatsu. Hideyoshi prevailed, installing Hidenobu as the new Oda daimyo. Throughout 1584, Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu engaged in intermittent skirmishes, none decisive. At the Battle of Nagakute, Hideyoshis troops were crushed, but Ieyasu lost three of his top generals. After eight months of this costly fighting, Ieyasu sued for peace. Hideyoshi now controlled 37 provinces. In conciliation, Hideyoshi distributed lands to his defeated foes in the Tokugawa and Shibata clans. He also granted lands to Samboshi and Nobutaka. This was a clear signal that he was taking power in his own name. Hideyoshi Reunifies Japan In 1583, Hideyoshi began construction on Osaka Castle, a symbol of his power and intent to rule all of Japan. Like Nobunaga, he refused the title of Shogun. Some courtiers doubted a farmer’s son could legally claim that title. Hideyoshi circumvented the potentially embarrassing debate by taking the title of kampaku, or regent, instead.  Hideyoshi then ordered the dilapidated Imperial Palace restored, and offered gifts of money to the cash-strapped imperial family. Hideyoshi also decided to bring the southern island of Kyushu under his authority. This island was home to the primary trading ports through which goods from China, Korea, Portugal, and other nations made their way into Japan. Many of the daimyo of Kyushu had converted to Christianity under the influence of Portuguese traders and Jesuit missionaries. Some had been converted by force, and Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines were destroyed. In November 1586, Hideyoshi sent a huge invasion force to Kyushu, totaling some 250,000 troops. A number of local daimyo rallied to his side as well, so it did not take long for the massive army to crush all resistance. As usual, Hideyoshi confiscated all of the land and then returned smaller portions to his defeated foes and rewarded his allies with much larger fiefdoms. He also ordered the expulsion of all Christian missionaries on Kyushu. The final reunification campaign took place in 1590. Hideyoshi sent another huge army, probably more than 200,000 men, to conquer the mighty Hojo clan, which ruled the area around Edo (now Tokyo).  Ieyasu and Oda Nobukatsu led the army, joined by a naval force to bottle up the Hojo resistance from the sea. The defiant daimyo Hojo Ujimasa withdrew to Odawara Castle and settled in to wait out Hideyoshi. After six months, Hideyoshi sent in Ujimasas brother to ask for the Hojo daimyos surrender. He refused, and Hideyoshi launched a three-day, all-out attack on the castle. Ujimasa finally sent his son to surrender the castle. Hideyoshi ordered Ujimasa to commit seppuku. He confiscated the domains  and sent Ujimasas son and brother into exile. The great Hojo clan was obliterated. Hideyoshis Reign In 1588, Hideyoshi forbade all Japanese citizens besides samurai from owning weapons. This Sword Hunt angered farmers and warrior-monks, who traditionally had kept weapons and participated in wars and rebellions. Hideyoshi wanted to clarify the boundaries between the various social classes in Japan  and to prevent uprisings by the monks and peasants. Three years later, Hideyoshi issued another order forbidding anyone from hiring ronin, the wandering samurai with no masters. Towns also were barred from allowing farmers to become traders or craftsmen. The Japanese social order was to be set in stone. If you were born a farmer, you died a farmer. If you were a samurai born into the service of a particular daimyo, there you stayed. Hideyoshi himself rose from the peasant class to become kampaku. Nonetheless, this hypocritical order helped to usher in a centuries-long era of peace and stability. In order to keep the daimyo in check, Hideyoshi ordered them to send their wives and children to the capital city as hostages. The daimyo themselves would spend alternating years in their fiefs and in the capital. This system, called sankin kotai or alternate attendance, was codified in 1635 and continued until 1862. Finally, Hideyoshi also ordered a nationwide population census  and a survey of all the lands. It measured not only the exact sizes of the different domains  but also the relative fertility and expected crop yield. All of this information was key for setting taxation rates. Succession Problems Hideyoshis only children were two boys, from his principal concubine Chacha (also known as Yodo-dono or Yodo-gimi), the daughter of Oda Nobunagas sister. In 1591, Hideyoshis only son, a toddler named Tsurumatsu, suddenly died, followed soon by Hideyoshis half-brother Hidenaga. The kampaku adopted Hidenagas son Hidetsugu as his heir. In 1592, Hideyoshi became the taiko or retired regent, while Hidetsugu took the title of kampaku. This retirement was in name only, however- Hideyoshi maintained his hold on power. The following year, however, Hideyoshis concubine Chacha gave birth to a new son. This baby, Hideyori, represented a serious threat to Hidetsugu. Hideyoshi had a substantial force of bodyguards posted to protect the child from any attack by his uncle. Hidetsugu developed a bad reputation across the country as a cruel and blood-thirsty man. He was known to drive out into the countryside with his musket and shoot down farmers in their fields just for practice. He also played executioner, relishing the job of chopping up convicted criminals with his sword. Hideyoshi could not tolerate this dangerous and unstable man, who posed an obvious threat to the baby Hideyori. In 1595, he accused Hidetsugu of plotting to overthrow him and ordered him to commit seppuku. Hidetsugus head was displayed on the city walls after his death. Shockingly, Hideyoshi also ordered Hidetsugus wives, concubines, and children all to be brutally executed except for a one-month-old daughter. This excessive cruelty was not an isolated incident in Hideyoshis later years. He also ordered his friend and tutor, the tea-ceremony master Rikyu, to commit seppuku at the age of 69 in 1591. In 1596, he ordered the crucifixion of six shipwrecked Spanish Franciscan missionaries, three Japanese Jesuits, and 17 Japanese Christians at Nagasaki. Invasions of Korea Throughout the late 1580s and early 1590s, Hideyoshi sent a number of emissaries to King Seonjo of Korea, demanding safe passage through the country for the Japanese army. Hideyoshi informed the Joseon king that he intended to conquer Ming China and India. The Korean ruler made no reply to these messages. In February 1592, 140,000 Japanese army troops arrived in an armada of some 2,000 boats and ships. It attacked Busan, in southeastern Korea.  In weeks, the Japanese advanced to the capital city of Seoul. King Seonjo and his court fled north, leaving the capital to be burned and looted. By July, the Japanese held Pyeongyang as well. The battle-hardened samurai troops cut through the Korean defenders like a sword through butter, to China’s concern. The land war went Hideyoshis way, but Korean naval superiority made life difficult for the Japanese. The Korean fleet had better weaponry and more experienced sailors. It also had a secret weapon- the iron-clad turtle ships, which were nearly invulnerable to Japans underpowered naval cannon. Cut off from their food and ammunition supplies, the Japanese army got bogged down in the mountains of northern Korea. Korean Admiral Yi Sun Shin scored a devastating victory over Hideyoshis navy at the Battle of Hansan-do on August 13, 1592. Hideyoshi ordered his remaining ships to cease engagements with the Korean navy.  In January 1593, the Wanli Emperor of China sent 45,000 troops to reinforce the beleaguered Koreans. Together, the Koreans and Chinese pushed Hideyoshis army out of Pyeongyang. The Japanese were pinned down and with their navy unable to deliver supplies, they began to starve.  In mid-May1593, Hideyoshi relented and ordered his troops home to Japan. He did not give up his dream of a mainland empire, however. In August 1597, Hideyoshi sent a second invasion force against Korea. This time, however, the Koreans and their Chinese allies were better prepared. They stopped the Japanese army short of Seoul and forced them back toward Busan in a slow, grinding drive. Meanwhile, Admiral Yi set out to crush Japans rebuilt naval forces once more. Death Hideyoshis grand imperial scheme came to an end on September 18, 1598, when the taiko died. On his deathbed, Hideyoshi repented sending his army into this Korean quagmire. He said, Dont let my soldiers become spirits in a foreign land. Hideyoshis biggest concern as he lay dying, however, was the fate of his heir. Hideyori was only 5 years old and unable to assume his fathers powers, so Hideyoshi set up the Council of Five Elders to rule as his regents until he came of age. This council included Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hideyoshi’s one-time rival. The old taiko extracted vows of loyalty to his little son from a number of other senior daimyo and sent precious gifts of gold, silk robes, and swords to all the important political players. He also made personal appeals to the Council members to protect and serve Hideyori faithfully. Hideyoshis Legacy The Council of Five Elders kept the taikos death a secret for several months while they withdrew the Japanese army from Korea. With that piece of business complete, though, the council broke down into two opposing camps. On one side was Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the other were the remaining four elders. Ieyasu wanted to take power for himself. The others supported little Hideyori. In 1600, the two forces came to blows in the Battle of Sekigahara. Ieyasu prevailed  and declared himself shogun. Hideyori was confined to Osaka Castle. In 1614, the 21-year-old Hideyori began to gather soldiers, preparing to challenge Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ieyasu launched the Siege of Osaka in November, forcing him to disarm and sign a peace pact. The next spring, Hideyori tried again to gather troops. The Tokugawa army launched an all-out attack on Osaka Castle, reducing sections to rubble with their cannon and setting the castle on fire. Hideyori and his mother committed seppuku. His 8-year-old son was captured by the Tokugawa forces and beheaded. That was the end of the Toyotomi clan. The Tokugawa shoguns would rule Japan until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Although his lineage did not survive, Hideyoshis influence on Japanese culture and politics was enormous. He solidified the class structure, unified the nation under central control, and popularized cultural practices such as the tea ceremony. Hideyoshi finished the unification begun by his lord, Oda Nobunaga, setting the stage for the peace and stability of the Tokugawa Era. Sources Berry, Mary Elizabeth. Hideyoshi. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press, 1982.  Hideyoshi, Toyotomi. 101 Letters of Hideyoshi: The Private Correspondence of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Sophia University, 1975.Turnbull, Stephen. Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Leadership, Strategy, Conflict. Osprey Publishing, 2011.

The Problem of Increasing Litigation Costs Case Study

The Problem of Increasing Litigation Costs - Case Study Example The case of Weissensteiner was important in that it raised the issue of circumstantial evidence pointing to the accused’s guilt, however, the Court held that the failure of the accused to give evidence did not itself construe an implication of guilt. The Court stated clearly that in an accusatorial trial, the failure of an accused to give evidence â€Å"cannot fill any gaps in the prosecution case† (Weissensteiner @50) and it cannot be used as a factor in determining whether the prosecution has proved its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Therefore the failure of a witness to give evidence was not to be associated with inferences of guilt.             Section 20(2) of the Evidence Act states clearly that the judge or other parties may comment on the failure of the accused to provide an explanation for evidence that exists against him. Therefore, the position taken by the judges in the RPS case was a valid one. Firstly, in their judgment, the silence of the accused was not excused in the manner of Weissensteiner. The prosecution, in this case, failed to call a witness that it should have and Justices questioned: â€Å"whether in the circumstances, the jury should entertain a reasonable doubt about the guilt of the accused†(RPS@633). Secondly, in this case, the Court applied a similar reasoning as it did in the case of Azzopardi v The Queen, where it stated that the position the Court adopted in Weissensteiner would be justified only if â€Å"there is a basis for concluding that there additional facts which would explain or contradict the inference which the prosecution seeks to have the jury draw.†   Thirdly,   Justice McHugh also commented on the history of the right to silence and adopted the position that the right to silence allowed to the accused was no more than an â€Å"invention of lawyers† to protect their clients from incriminating themselves. (Azzopardi @101). The position taken in the majority opinion of Judges in the RPS case was that the Jury could reasonably draw an adverse inference if the accused failed to give evidence since his silence would amount to a tacit admission of guilt.   

The Digital Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Digital Revolution - Research Paper Example Company websites may employ domestic or global strategies in their e-commerce transactions (Bajaj, Debjani & Kamlesh, 2005). Websites with a domestic e-commerce strategy main seek to serve businesses and customers within the geographical boundaries of a country. In contrast, Bajaj, Debjani & Kamlesh observe that websites with a global focus aim towards promoting transactions between customers and businesses across global and international markets. Firms implementing global e-commerce need to address financial issues, legal issues and market access challenges such as cultural differences and language barriers. There are three main classifications for websites, namely transaction, promotion and content sites (Bajaj, Debjani & Kamlesh, 2005). Transaction sites are websites designed to enhance virtual or online transactions. This is mostly applicable for online business ventures that do not have the traditional brick and mortar model or any other physical presence. This site is more appr opriate for businesses dealing with specialized product categories. Promotional sites are those designed specifically for information and communication purposes with the aim of supplementing marketing activities and strengthening relationships. It is appropriate for companies seeking to develop the global presence and develop new channels of communication. Lastly, content websites are designed to provide customers and prospects with accurate and reliable content to aid in their buying process.

Technologies Used in Aged Care Facilities

Technologies Used in Aged Care Facilities Table of Contents (Jump to) Technologies used in Aged care facilities Introduction Diffusion of technology in everyday lives Technologies used in Aged care facilities Enhancing the nature of aged care in the communities The need of assistive technologies in the aged Conclusion References Technologies used in Aged care facilities Introduction Elderly care, or just elder care, is the satisfaction of the extraordinary needs and necessities that are one of a kind to senior nationals. This expansive term includes such administrations as supported living, grown-up day consideration, nursing homes, hospice care, and home care (Study of Health Care for the Aged, 1962). In view of the wide assortment of elderly care discovered comprehensively, and additionally separating social viewpoints on elderly subjects, cant to be constrained to any one practice. Elderly care underlines the social and individual prerequisites of senior subjects who require some aid with day by day exercises and medical services, however who craving to age with nobility (Study of Health Care for the Aged, 1962). It is a critical qualification, in that the configuration of lodging, administrations, exercises, representative preparing and such ought to be genuinely client focused. It is likewise huge that a lot of worldwide elderly care falls under the unpaid business sector part. The use of technology to support autonomous living and the promotion of independence of more elderly persons will be of principle concern nowadays to help the elderly (Hà ¤ggblom-Kronlà ¶f Sonn, 2007). There are Government and non-government activities which, albeit not particularly focused on at mechanical intercessions for more established persons, could contribute towards supporting agreeable and stately living in this area of the general public. There exists an endless extent of innovation intercessions for the welfare of elderly individuals in the nation so that the innovations are available, moderate and versatile to the particular needs. Innovative mediations can incredibly help in attaining to these goals by giving key inputs and abilities. Diffusion of technology in everyday lives Simultaneously, as the individuals grow older, we are seeing remarkable improvement and the dissemination of, innovation in all parts of regular life. Right now, all types of innovation, including PCs, correspondences, security, and health observing gadgets, are being utilized to perform routine assignments and exercises (Katz, 2004). The utilization of technology has turned into a basic part of work, training, correspondence, and excitement. Technology is additionally being progressively utilized as a part of the human services stadium for the conveyance of administrations, in-home checking, intelligent correspondence (e.g., in patient and doctor), the exchange of health data, and associate backing. As correspondence conventions advance, we can foresee more modern system applications that can give speedier and all the more capable intuitive administrations later on. Smart advances will likewise progressively get to be installed in our associations with nature, and robots performing day by day errands will be typical. Individuals of all ages will interface with some manifestation of innovation to capacity autonomously and draw in successfully in their surroundings. Technology has awesome potential for enhancing the personal satisfaction for the elderly individuals. For instance, health applications and websites will enhance the physical and emotional prosperity of elderly individuals (Hsu, Yen, Pai Chang, 2014). Technology can likewise empower older individuals to stay joined with family and companions, particularly with the individuals who are far off. Technology can likewise help elderly individuals stay utilized and keep up or overhaul their aptitudes, or it can facilitate the move to retirement. Technologies used in Aged care facilities We need to be clear about two things from the beginning. One, technology will never remain to supplant the human cooperation that involves the very emotion of caring for the aged (Deasley, 1992). Nor will it ever supplant the empathy, generosity, sympathy and seen between care suppliers and the individuals in our general public who are dependent on care and presented to significant vulnerabilities. Two, Progressions in innovation likewise do little in the method for offering a one-size-fits-all answer for unravelling all the heap difficulties standing up to the care of age division, including a maturing population, more intricate health issues, deficiencies of talented staff, and spiralling expenses and pressures of funding (Baker, 2003). For some, the internal workings of a private aged- care centers will regularly invoke visions of time-denied guardians surging between occupants with unlimited surges of research material in tow (Chantler, 2004). Be that as it may, as more associations move from utilizing paper-based frameworks, to incorporate, electronic frameworks, this site will turn into a relic of days gone by. In particular, electronic consideration administration applications are turning into a quick segment inside numerous private aged care office all through the countries, giving care and nursing staff with the capacity to convey more proficient and successful consideration. The improved electronic accumulation of data at the occupants bedside guarantees more noteworthy precision of inhabitant records, while quick access to this data gives care and nursing staff with the capacity to be more responsive in their day by day consideration procurements. Indecipherable documentation is being supplanted by electronic consideration arranges that bolster individual focused inhabitant care and supportive care offices to all the more viably show and guarantee agreeability. Essentially, electronic medicine organization empowers care and nursing staff to all the more successfully organize, screen, and manage solutions and give more precise and opportune drug data for staff, and further enhance inhabitant wellbeing. Supplanting paper-based records with exhaustive electronic records additionally encourages the stream of this data between the more extensive social insurance group, including doctors facilities, therapeutic professionals, drug stores, pros and other consideration experts (Weber-Jahnke Mason-Blakley, 2011). Whether it is transitioning an inhabitant from a consideration home to a clinic in a crisis, or to an elective meeting with an expert, electronic occupant records assume a significant part in conveying the most applicable and critical data for every inhabitant. By streamlining the way individual data are recorded, prepared and got to, it doesnt just make more noteworthy efficiencies and diminishes the likelihood of human sleep, additionally moves a generous measure of staff time from lumbering research material to retire, giving eye to eye occupant consideration. The outcome for the inhabitants is more quality time with consideration and nursing staff, and access to a higher standard of value care and backing. Aged care residential facilities are likewise stretching out broadband web access to their occupants, which is an effective instrument in building a feeling of having a place, backing and association (Reymond, Israel Charles, 2011). Applications that have video support, talk, email and other online interchanges guarantee occupants can rapidly and effortlessly associate with relatives, close companions and the group, which can altogether add to a more prominent personal satisfaction (Communications Technology and the Elderly, 1984). Enhancing the nature of aged care in the communities Advancement in technology for aged care raises the possibility to upgrade the nature of aging care by enabling care providers with approaches to: Enhance operational efficiencies; Diminish risks and dangers (Toba, 2007); Expand ability to oversee constrained resources successfully; Also, in particular, give care and nursing staff additional time and space to convey customized care and backing. There is an extensive variety of data innovation and programming being solely produced for the aged care division. Large portions of which incorporate private and group care-particular applications that cooperate to absolutely impact the nature of consideration and bolster administrations conveyed. Technology based arrangements can likewise all the while improve the nature of the consideration and the personal satisfaction of elderly individuals that decide to live in their own homes (Science, Technology and World Advancement, 1962). Actually, advancement in technology is empowering the maturing populace to stay independent for more, expanding the measure of time they can keep up autonomy in their own homes, where they are generally agreeable. Shrewd planning and rostering frameworks are upgrading availability of customized consideration benefits in the most proficient ways. The most proper consideration workers can consequently be dispensed to a particular customer taking into account a thorough rundown of foreordained criteria. These incorporate variables, for example, staff accessibility, area, travel necessities, experience, capabilities, and abilities, progression of consideration, and vitally, the individual care needs and inclinations of the individual accepting the consideration. This permits an association to convey more adaptable and customized consideration, subsequently driving enhanced results for the customer. The procurement of online correspondence portals can further improve the customers experience by permitting them or their families to effortlessly focus when and where the consideration visits are planned, and select which mind specialist they might want to convey the consideration. The utilization of portable handheld gadgets is additionally helpfully giving consideration specialists access to vital insights about the customer, clinical information and other critical data paying little heed to their area in the field. The ability to give data to give a second thought laborer continuously and record redesigns of this data for the purpose of considering, enormously builds the nature of the consideration and bolster that is being conveyed. Above all, less time spent on research material means more individuals associated with the customer. With progressions in rapid broadband, feature conferencing is progressively being used to look for guidance from consideration suppliers, medical professionals and different experts on the web. This can diminish the anxiety connected with travel, especially for those customers in remote areas. Group care associations can likewise use assistive advances that help care workers stay receptive to customer needs, notwithstanding when assets are restricted. The utilization of insightful sensors and alarms can help keep up the customers freedom at home, while consequently alarming a consideration specialist if a surprising action is identified. The aftereffect of actualizing such advancements is a higher standard of the watch over the elderly individual in their own particular home. The need of assistive technologies in the aged Aids or other adaptive equipments are that are commonly used by the elderly are coming under assistive technologies. Assistive technology is characterized as any hardware or a framework that helps individuals who experience issues, because of age or disability, in doing ordinary exercises. It covers basic things, for example, strolling sticks, shower seats and snatch railed, and in addition electro-mechanical gear (e.g. Powered wheelchairs), electronic helps (e.g. Advanced portable amplifiers and ecological controls), or gear utilized by caretakers, for example, lifting guides (Zhang, 1988). In particular assistive technology is crucial for good health for elderly individuals to keep up their quality of life through the authority of their own surroundings and removal of obstructions to self- determination. In very old aged individuals living at home the two key regions for Assistive Technology will be essential -mobility, for example, strolling frames or wheelchairs and in home hard ware, for example, shower seats and rails for security and to support exercises of every day living (Miskelly, 2001). Elderly need boundary free situations, proper empowering gadgets and administrations that incorporate need evaluation, preparing, repair and support of the empowering gadgets. Enhanced innovation has expanded the accessibility of gadgets, whats more, guides that enhance significantly the nature of life of elderly and debilitated persons. Further improvements are required on next generation assistive gadgets, whats more, frameworks that engage elderly persons and maturing residents to assume a full part in society, build their self-rule and understand their potential. There is developing concentration on home changes that can make a huge distinction to whether an individual is safe and has the personal satisfaction in their home. Assistive technology is likewise key for staff to have the capacity to carry out their occupation, especially in the fields of individual care, word related treatment, physiotherapy, podiatry and exercise physiology. Private offices depend on an expansive mixed bag of gear to give care. Assistive technology is key on the off chance that an individual is incapable to shoulder their own weight in request to give security to customers and safe manual taking care of for staff. Conclusion Present day experimental and technological progressions have opened up new potential outcomes for elderly care to backing comfortable and noble living of elderly.. Capacities of current advances coupled with customary learning frameworks assume an imperative part in using tremendous available assets for advantage of the elderly at moderate expenses. Numerous health awareness ventures are arranging themselves for creating therapeutics by adjusting the process of maturing and age-related sicknesses. Technologies can assume crucial part in such group living spots. Innovative application in the field of amusement and entertainment is seen as a developing field which has utility both in urban and country areas. The accomplishment of innovative applications for elderly relies on upon arrangements and projects that advance healthy ageing. The human advantages that these advances guarantee will unquestionably be advanced by an elderly-mind framework which acknowledges new innovations intended to solace them (Using technology to improve healthcare for elderly people, 2008). Some of the innovations said in this paper can undoubtedly be executed through joint endeavors of government, intentional or non-government organizations and industry. References Baker, L. (2003). The Relationship Between Technology Availability And Health Care Spending. Health Affairs. Chantler, C. (2004). Health-care technology assessment: a clinical perspective. International Journal Of Technology Assessment In Health Care, 20 (01). Communications Technology and the Elderly. (1984). Journal Of Gerontology, 39 (6), 766-767. Deasley, P. (1992). Humans and technology: the twain meet. Manuf. Eng, 71 (8), 9. Hà ¤ggblom-Kronlà ¶f, G., Sonn, U. (2007). Use of assistive devices–a reality full of contradictions in elderly persons everyday life. Disability Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 2 (6), 335-345. Hsu, H., Yen, N., Pai, T., Chang, M. (2014). PERSONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT ON A SMARTPHONE PLATFORM. Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis And Communications, 26 (04), 1440004. Katz, J. (2004). Everyday lives and extraordinary research methods. Social Science Information, 43 (4), 609-619. Miskelly, F. (2001). Assistive technology in elderly care. Age And Ageing, 30 (6), 455-458. New elderly care service. (2000). Nurs Residential Care, 2 (6), 261-262. Reymond, L., Israel, F., Charles, M. (2011). A residential aged care end-of-life care pathway (RAC EoLCP) for Australian aged care facilities. Australian Health Review, 35 (3), 350. Science, Technology and World Advancement. (1962). Nature, 193 (4814), 416-420. Study of Health Care for the Aged. (1962). Nursing Research, 11 (1), 37. Toba, K. (2007). Risk assessment for falls in the elderly population. Geriatrics Gerontology International, 8, S26-S28. Using technology to improve healthcare for elderly people. (2008). Independent Nurse, 2008 (7). Weber-Jahnke, J., Mason-Blakley, F. (2011). The safety of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems. ACM SIGHIT Record, 1 (2), 13-22. Zhang, D. (1988). IMPROVING THE CURVING PERFORMANCE OF POWERED BOGIES AND OPTIMIZING WHEEL/RAIL CONTACT CONDITIONS. Vehicle System Dynamics, 17 (sup1), 555-558.

Fight against Oppression on Women Essay

Today’s sexism—from widespread violence and degrading ideas to inequality at the workplace and unpaid labor at home—reaches into every corner of our lives. Women’s oppression stems from the nature of our deeply unequal society, and a system that needs to divide and conquer in order to survive. People of all genders are fighting back! Grassroots mobilizations against sexual assault, victim-blaming and attacks on our reproductive rights are providing a glimpse of the potential to build a new movement for women’s rights. From Egypt to Yemen to Madrid, women are demanding a place at the forefront of struggles for democracy and economic justice. Sexism in our society leads to multiple negative outcomes for women. Although traditional therapeutic approaches as well as preventive interventions address the specific negative outcomes of sexism, they rarely utilize a social justice approach. The deleterious effects of sexism occur complexly; sexist interpersonal events often occur within family systems that may endorse traditional gender roles, which exist within a societal and cultural context that contains formalized sexist policies. These multifaceted, ingrained circumstances delineate the need for preventive social justice to address sexism on multiple levels. As our society continues to evolve, with the advancements in technology, so does sexism and discrimination. It is just molded differently to accommodate our modern day society. Women do two-thirds of the world’s work for only five percent of the income, according to Unifem, the United Nations Development Fund for women. Today young women across the world grow up to expect less educational, economic and political power than their male counterparts. Half the world’s citizens, women in the 21st century still only represent a tiny minority in democratic assemblies. Domestic violence, civil wars and international conflicts continue to destroy women’s freedom, power and security in particular. And yet women find themselves systematically excluded from international diplomacy and peace discussions. Women’s rights may be enshrined in human rights declarations and egalitarian constitutions around the world, but in global terms of power and independence they are sec ond class citizens.

The Importance Of The Individualization Characteristics...

In 1888, Sir Francis Galton, a British anthropologist, began his observations of fingerprints while studying the hereditary nature of the human body and they it could reveal about an individual. In 1892, after several years of study, Galton published the book Fingerprints. In his book, he established the importance of the individualization characteristics and permanence of fingerprints. Additionally, his book references the features by which fingerprints can be identified. These characteristics, known in forensics as minutia, are still in use today. Moreover, some veterans of the field still refer to them as Galton’s details (Barnes, 2011). Furthermore, in his book, Galton detailed a method of classification which he based on an alphabetical list created by three fingerprint patterns: arch is represented by the letter A, loop is represented by the letter L, and a whorl is represented by the letter W. In order to classify a set of fin ¬gerprints using this alphabetic enume ration system, each finger was labeled with the corresponding letter according to its friction ridge pattern. The letters produced using this system, for the right hand’s index, middle, and ring fingers were grouped together, followed by the letters for the same fingers on the hand. After this sequence of letters, the letters produced by this technique for the right thumb and right little finger were added to the sequence, followed by the letters for the left thumb and left little finger (Hutchins, 2011).Show MoreRelatedHistory of Forensic Science6897 Words   |  28 Pagesanthropometric system, called signaletics or bertillonage. Bertillon identified individuals by measurements of the head and body, shape formations of the ear, eyebrow, mouth, eye, etc., individual markings such as tattoos and scars, and personality characteristics. The measurements were made into a formula that referred to a single unique individual, and recorded onto cards which also bore a photographic frontal and profile portrait of the suspect (the mug shot). The cards were then systematically filed